许多考生在学校里接受的英文教育偏向于应试型.拿高考来讲,主要考察学生对老师平日所教的词组和知识点,以及语法知识的考查,而应用能力偏弱.SAT填空与高考中的完形填空不同,通过一个有空格的完整句子去表达一个完整的逻辑和句意.解读官方指南(OG)可知,ETS出题机构对于句子填空有如下基本要求：
(1) havinga broad vocabulary always comes in handy;
(2) havingthe ability to understanding the logic of complex sentences is also helpful;
(3) having several approachesor strategies can help you tackle this.
所以总的来说,逻辑和词汇是完美解决句子填空的主线.建议考生在备考的过程中紧紧围绕这两点去备考.这一讲中,我们主要分析一下如何解决逻辑问题.
逻辑详解
sat句子填空中不会涉及天花乱坠的复杂逻辑,因此只要考生头脑清醒,通过仔细分析都可以解决.广义上讲,SAT句子逻辑分为两大类:同义重复和反义重复.
1. 同义重复
同义重复题目非常好识别,在此考生重点留心的应该是常见逻辑信号词.这些词好比一些路标,能够清晰地指明答案方向.常见逻辑信号词可以分为以下几类:
☆因果关系: because,so, for, thus, resultfrom, since, for the reason that, due to, therefore，…
☆解释关系: “:”,“;”,“---”, such as,…
☆目的、手段: in orderto, for, to do,…
☆指代关系: such,this, that, which, these, those,…
☆并列和递进关系: and, or,not only...but also, even
☆特殊动词: continue,remain, require, represent,…
下面来看2014年-2015年上半年SAT考试中的几个例子:
1Because the pandas had alreadybeen weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter wouldhave had ___ consequences for them.
A preventive
B regressive
C catastrophic
D unforeseen
E moderate
分析:此题为因果关系.因为熊猫已经因为疾病和干旱而变得虚弱，所以严酷的寒冬将会对他们产生一个_____的后果.在这个问题中，疾病和干旱和寒冬都是让熊猫变的虚弱的原因，那么重复同义的原因即可，所以选C。
2 In order to ------- the loss of natural wetlandsused by migrating snow geese, conservationists in the 1960’s and 1970’s------- wetland refuges in the northern prairies.
A standardize ….ignored
B offset ….surrendered
C explain ….dismantled
D compensate for ….established
E account for ….administered
分析：此题为目的、手段关系。为了保护、弥补野生动物的栖息地，才建立了refuge.
故选D。
3 The professor’s presentation was both ------- and -------: though brief, it was instructive.
A. verbose.…mundane
B.concise.…elaborate
C. comprehensive .…edifying
D. succinct…enlightening
E. provocative…technical
分析：此题非常明确地利用了同义重复这一概念。空一对应了brief，空二对应了instructive。因此此题选D。
2. 反义重复
两个空之间常见逻辑信号词可以分为以下几类:
☆ 转折关系：although,though, but, despite…
☆对比关系：rather than, instead of ...，paradox,irony, surprise, shock…，turn into, change …，recent,previous, later, earlier…，etc.
下面来看2014年-2015年上半年SAT考试中的几个例子:
1 Soon after the first visitors arrived,increasing numbers of the residents of the remote island thought it possiblethat the outside world， instead of being _____， could be ____and worthexploring.
A. insular….unlimited
B. friendly…wicked
C. amiable…cooperative
D. threatening…fascinating
E. forbidding…harmful
分析：此题出现了instead of ，根据前后两空我们可以直接判断为反义，但后面又有一个and worth exploring，可以推测could be 之后是和worth exploring同义重复。也可以通过排除法来做，只有A，D构成反义，而fascinating可以和worth exploring构成一个正面同义重复，因此选D。
2 Cito Gaston, one of the least------- baseball managers， surprised reporters by weeping openly after his team won theplay-offs.
A. somber
B. demonstrative
C. insufferable
D. bountiful
E. wistful
分析：surprise即出乎意料，说明C.G.这个人的行为是不常见的，他居然公开哭泣，取反即表达出感情外露,和least一起构成与weeping openly的反义重复,因此选B。
3 The medicine dose hassalutary effect by ------- pain, even if recent studies prove that it cannoteliminate such discomfort entirely.
A. alleviating
B. distracting
C. revitalizing
D. eradicating
E. augmenting
分析:此题中,空中应填一个正面词汇,呼应前面提到的salutary,并与后面的cannot eliminate such discomfort构成同义反义.所以应选A.
E.G.4 Tame koala bears handledby tourists are -------, but wild koala are hard to control typically requiredtwo people to hold them.
A. mischievous
B. gluttonous
C. supple
D. adroit
E. docile
分析:此题由两句话构成,前半句是说考拉熊怎么样,下文却说野生考拉熊很难驾驭,因此在这里构成反义重复. adroit意为敏捷的,supple柔软的,gluttonous贪吃的. 因此应该选E.
小站教育老师介绍：无论是句子填空还是文章阅读，基本逻辑关系是非常重要的.填空题中双空题尤其如此，而文章阅读中的长难句更是要认真把握基本逻辑及感情色彩。建议大家做题时要头脑清楚，分清细微逻辑关系，搞清同义重复和反义重复，完美过掉逻辑这一关，为句子填空的高正确率打下基础。
