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SAT阅读的题目选项也有大学问

准备了那么久的SAT阅读,相信大家对于sat阅读的文章已经充满了信心,不过小站君不得不给大家先浇个冷水。文章理解是到位了,但是对于SAT阅读考试中的题目选项,你又能明白多少呢?

如果你只是读懂了文章,却败在了阅读选项上,是否会郁闷的吐血呢!为了不让这种事情发生,为了保护各位考生的生命安全,贯彻爱与真实的邪恶!(打住!)小站君给大家带来SAT阅读选项上的注意事项,让你的阅读成绩更上一层楼!

1选项类型

单从选项来看,可以分成三个类型:

1)单个词汇或短语式,常见于词汇题、态度题、手法题:

如:A. matter B request C. objection D. possibility E. doubt

2)半句话选项, 这个时候题目也一定是半句话,正确答案与题目连在一起是对原文某处的概括或重复。

如: The argument in lines 29-30 refutes that comic books______

A. do not cost much compared to other amusements

B. openly acknowledge their true purpose

C. help children cope with the stresses of their world

D. cannot be appreciated by someone who lacks a sense of humor

E. have never been proven to distract children from homework

3)整句话选项,常见于主旨题、段落关系题以及类比题。

如: Which best characterizes the relationship between the first paragraph and the second paragraph ?

A. The first paragraph relates an anecdote that illustrates a generalization made in the second paragraph

B. The first paragraph presents a claim that is supported in the second paragraph

C. The paragraphs offer different explanations for the same phenomenon

D. The second paragraph digresses from the topic discussed in the first paragraph

E. The second paragraph challenges the validity of the argument made in the first paragraph

2选项设计

(一)正确选项

正确答案就是对等原文的信息。从整体看,对等方式包括两种,同义改写和上义概括。

1、 同义改写: 这种题不多,因为其考察维度很有局限性,基本就是词与词的对等。

原文 He himself

答案His own

原文danger

答案threaten

原文unhappy

答案despondent

2 、上义概括: SAT以这种情况居多。

原文bats

答案animal

原文Ella Josephine Baker is an activist….touched thousands of lives and contributed to …

答案an influential woman

原文We already depend on one unsatisfactory source of electricity: coal power. Do we want to lock ourselves into another one?

Nuclear is our best hope for ……

答案invoking collective interests

正确答案的选择: 尽量利用原文行号,如果题目要求读 line 11-15 , 这个时候恰巧有两个选项都觉得对,一个选项出自第14 行,一个选项出自第 18行,这个时候一定要优先选择前者!或者,所有选项无一来自题目所给行号,一个选项来自16 行,另一个来自第 20行,这时候还是选前者,因为它贴近题目要求范围!

(二)错误选项

错误答案设置主要包括以下几种情况:

 
 
 

a. 无中生有,原文根本没交代

b. 说的对但是不符合问题

c. 与作者表达相反

d. 由常识而导致的推理过度(如果题目没要求推理,所有推到选项就都是错的)

 
 

原文:I am writing this with my left hand, although I am strongly right-handed. I had surgery to my right shoulder a month ago and am not permitted, not capable of, use of the right arm at this time. I write slowly, awkwardly----but more easily, more naturally, with each passing day。

题:The author describes himself as “strongly right-handed” (in line 2)in order to_____

A. convey the ease with which he learned to be ambidextrous (与作者表达相反)

B. contrast his particular abilities and those of other individuals (无中生有)

C. suggest the difficulties he had to overcome

D. evoke a sympathetic response from the reader(由常识而导致的过度推理)

E. characterize the sources of his physical strength(同D)

原文:The question “why there been no great women artists?” is simply the tip of an iceberg of misinterpretation and misconception; beneath lies a vast dark bulk of shaky ideas about the nature of art and the situations of its making, about the nature of art and the human abilities in general and of human excellence in particular, and about the role that the social order plays in all of this。

题:In the first paragraph, the author addresses the question referred to in the first sentence by___

A. celebrating the gift of true genius(态度与作者表达相反)

B. offering examples of great women artists(无中生有)

C. challenging assumptions about greatness

D. criticizing great artists for the naivete (无中生有)

E. daring readers to submit to the power of great(由常识而导致的过度推理)

从测试学角度来讲,选项的设置应该难度一致,错误选项的迷惑性大致相当,正确答案不会和其他题目答案有重叠。但是在现实考试中,这些都很难做到。 很多时候我们做题并不是很清正确答案为什么正确,而是努力排除四个谬误答案。很多道理我们平时可以讲的头头是道,但是到了考场满眼一大坨黑压压的外语很难想的很完全。 再加上选项总是比题目更难理解,所以在此着重展示一下排除法的具体思路。

3两大错误选项排除原则

1、先易后难

遇到一个看不懂的选项切勿纠缠,直接看下一选项,如果连续3个选项不认识此题一定要空着不做,防止“赔了夫人又折兵”

2、拆开判断,纵向比对

 
 
 

2008年1月section 8第15题的选项

A. irrational, because it ignored Pound’s good intentions

B. meaningless, because the scholars were not translators

C. inevitable, because Pound's method had attracted considerable attention

D. genuine, because the scholars felt personally insulted

E. understandable, because Pound’s claim could be disputed

 
 

判断此题目的时候录,要先纵向拆解五个选项,先看每个选项开头的第一个词,

A. Irrational,   B. meaningless,   C. inevitable,   D. genuine,   E. understandable

由于原文讲述的态度是中肯的,所以排除带有浓烈感情色彩的词,拿掉A,B。

剩下三个选项再继续纵向拆解比对

C. Pound’s method attracted attention   D. scholars felt insulted   E. Pound’s claim could be disputed

原文重点对象是Pound,排除D

此时只需要对比

C.attracted attention   E. be disputed

就可以了,原文是关于翻译要直译还是释义的探讨,因此Pound提出释义,当然会受到直译支持者的反对,而引起dispute, 故E是正确答案。

再来一例,这题是前面我们做过的 “蒙娜丽莎的微笑” 《官方指南》p395

 
 
 

Which statement best characterizes the different ways in which the authors of Passage 1 and Passage 2 approach the Mona Lisa?

A. The first stresses the unique smile in the portrait , while the second focuses on other mysterious qualities of its subject 。

B. The first emphasizes its striking appearance, while the second examines the background of its creator。

C. The first focuses on its stylistic innovations, while the second seeks to account for its cultural preeminence。

D. The first speculates about the life of its subject, while the second argues that historical interpretations are irrelevant。

E. The first alludes to its societal importance, while the second debates its artistic merits。

 
 

每个选项都有个while,纵向判断每个选项while之前的文字,看能排除几个,然后再同样方式判断后半句。

这种方法是避免了人脑短时记忆不佳的缺陷,短时记忆本身就需要训练才能提高,何况在外语语境中更是难以驾驭。用 “纵向原则” 最大好处就是每次处理的信息量较小,有针对性,进而提高准确率。

小站君觉得小结:语言是信息的载体,学生读懂的语言越多,就越能筛去越多的常识。反之,读懂的越少,大脑就 会自动搜索常识来补充信息。某种意义上说,考阅读就是一个不断排除常识的过程。

4SAT阅读速成攻略

最重要的写在最后,如果你时间很紧迫,没时间读那么多,就看这里吧!

现行SAT考试阅读部分属于批判式阅读Critical Reading, 其中非常重要的一条就是前提假设assumption。 请读者自行翻开《官方指南》901-19

这篇文章不陌生吧,前面我们有多次举例提到。

小站君提示:同一篇文章反复做两遍,比做两篇不同的文章效果好,宁愿去把一篇文章吃透,也不要做一篇忘一篇。

原文: You're the neurologist-you must see this all the time.

正确选项:All neurologists are aware of the nervous system's adaptability.

这道题目体现的是描述性假设(descriptive assumption),其定义是文章未提及但作者默认的观点(unstated belief about how the world was, is or will be)。

原文的结论是:你认识到“某个道理”;

其原因是:你是个神经学家。

其推到过程必须建立在一个不言而喻的假设之上,即“某个道理”是神经学家的共识。如果没有这个假设,我是神经学家就不一定会意识到这“某个道理”。 也就是说假设(assumption)是为了确保原因(reason)能过导出结论(conclusion)的必要前提。

切记:argument=reasons+ conclusions +assumption

Reasons 和 conclusions是原文的呈现,而assumption一定不是文章里直接说的信息。

比如,在笔者的课堂上,很多人认为原文成立的必要条件是“你是个神经学家”,但这只是对原文reason部分的重复,不是unstated belief,属于given fact。

还有一种assumption叫做 value assumption. 比如安乐死的问题,支持的一派一定会潜意识里认为生命的维系比其带来的痛苦挣扎要重要;而反对的一派潜意识里正好相反,摆脱痛苦要比苟延残喘更有意义。 这里就存在着价值观假设 。

常见的value conflicts 如下:

(来自 Asking the right questions 作者 M. Neil Browne & Stuart M.Keeley)  加上上面的例题《官方指南》上共出现五次。

522-13   665-19   725-11   963-15

有人不禁会问,既然出题比例这么小,而且之前又讲有部分题可以放弃,那是否代表如果我这种题不会就都放弃好了呢?

笔者认为非也, 因为 false assumption是一种错误选项的表达方式!

一般难度系数为5的题目所设置的干扰选项都会利用这一点!

比如下面这道题(2013 5)

 
 
 

原文讲述一个艺术家,理想很伟大,现实很骨感,在实现梦想前,需要找个工作糊口,先保证生活,衣食无忧。

The narrator indicates that accepting a real job has

A.caused her to betray her mentor

B.squeiched her desire to paint

C.helped her find her artistic style

D.allowed her to fulfill a long-held dream

E.provided her with financial stability

 

这道题答案是E。 但是课堂上D被提问的次数最多,因为 fulfill long-held dream 读起来非常正确。但是作者并没有给出信息提示这个工作一定能让其实现梦想,也就是说D的内容有可能成立,但是这种基于原文信息且只是有可能会发生的事件就是 false assumption。 所以,以后如果遇到了二选一的困境,看了答案也百思不得其解,就请看下其发生的必然性吧,如果只是有可能,那就是false assumption, 需排除。

以上就是小站君整理总结的有关SAT阅读考试中阅读选项的相关注意事项,读完这一篇文章,相信小伙伴们不会再空有一身武艺无处施展的感觉了,祝大家考试顺利~

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