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SAT阅读填空题中逻辑关系答题技巧

SAT填空题的解答过程中,对句子中和空格相关的逻辑关系的分析也非常重要。SAT填空考试所涉及的逻辑关系主要有:因果关系,并列和递进关系,目的、手段和结果关系,解释关系,对比关系。其中以因果关系,对比关系以及解释关系占据的比例最高,小编今天为大家盘点了逻辑词,同时还有SAT例题解析让你更加深刻得体会逻辑词在考试中的考察。


逻辑词盘点:

1. 因果关系

明显因果关系:Because, because of, for, as, since, in that, be due to, as long as, if, when, so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, consequently, accordingly, thus, hence

隐含因果关系:given, considering, lead to, result in, give rise to, derive from, result from, on the basis of, represent, be based on, rely on, spring from,Too A to B, so A that B, such A that B,-ing/ -ed

2. 目的手段关系 in order to, to, for, by,

3. 递进关系even, indeed, not only…but also…, almost…quite

4. 并列复指关系and, 分号,非转折含义连接词(and, or…),平行结构,同位语,A, B

5. 转折关系although, though, even though, albeit, despite, in spite of, however, but, yet, while, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, whatever

6.对比关系:

结构对比关系:not…but…, instead, in contrast, on the contrary, far from…, on the other hand, rather than, more…than…, otherwise, unlike, not so much…as...

特殊含义词对比:paradoxical, paradoxically, ironical, ironically, unexpected, unexpectedly, curious, curiously, surprise, surprisingly, unfortunate, unfortunately, puzzle, shock

时间对比关系:before, until, since, previous, current, recently, now, today, yesterday, later, future, begin, start, origin, create, once, early, formerly, initially, pristine, erstwhile, heretofore, hitherto, no longer

明显对比含义词:contrast whether rather than rather than instead

非明显对比含义词:remarkable typically/uncharacteristic between A and B

特殊含义词对比:disappointed paradoxically actually

7. 解释关系:分词短语,不定式短语,状语从句,冒号,定语从句/状语从句,分号/冒号/that is/逗号

下面是SAT真题例题给到大家,让大家对SAT填空中涉及到的逻辑词更加了解。

例1:Because the congresswoman has been so openhanded with many of her constituents, it is difficult to reconcile this ____ with her private ___.

A. selfishness ... inattention

B. insolence ... virtue

C. magnanimity ... pettiness

D. opportunism ... ambition

E. solicitousness ... generosity

解析:because 体现出两个分句之间为因果关系,如果在空格的前面出现指示代词,那么这个空格就是第一解题点,指示代词指代前面提到的某个信息,从题干中我们不难看出指示代词前最重要的信息是openhanded(慷慨,大方), 因此第一个空格要填的词一定是openhanded 的同义词;又因为逗号后面有difficult的存在,我们得知一空和二空之间应该互为反义词。所以第一个空格应该填“慷慨,大方”;第二个空格填“吝啬,小气”,答案选C。

例2:Although it stayed in business for several months, the company was actually ___ and met its financial obligations only by engaging in ____ activities.

A. insolvent ... fraudulent

B. prudent ... speculative

C. autonomous ... subordinate

D. bankrupt ... charitable

E. stable ... manipulative

解析:通过although一词我们知道此题为让步关系,做对立题特别要关注题干中正负向,往往根据正负向我们就能很快得出答案;读题干的前半句我们知道“公司已经在生意上维持了好几个月”,据此得知这半句话是正向,又通过although 我们知道逗号后面要填的词从方向上应该是负向,两个空格用and连接,因此要填的这个词都是负向词;通过第一个空格我们可以排除B,C和E选项,再看A和D选项的第二空格,我们也许不认识fraudulent(欺骗的), 但我们一定认识charitable (慈善的),由此得知D选项为一正,一负,排除D,从而选出A.

例3:Commerce on the remote island was conducted exclusively by ____, exchanging goods for goods.

A. credit B. loan C. faith D. patronage E. barter

解析:该题为解释关系题,做此题时如果发现题干中是一个空格加逗号,或者冒号,那么只需要看空格后的信息,从而加快做题的速度,做到有所读有所不读;本题中,我们根据exchanging goods for goods, 就能很快判断出barter(物物交换)为正确答案。

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