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【SAT写作】经典人物素材之三:贝多芬

2018年03月13日16:46 来源:小站整理
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摘要:作文素材,多多益善,下面是关于贝多芬的写作素材。备考SAT的宝宝们快看过来吧~

今天为大家献上SAT写作素材中的经典人物素材贝多芬,下面的段落简要介绍了贝多芬的生平。作为SAT课外阅读知识,可读性也是极强的哦~

【SAT写作】经典人物素材之三:贝多芬图1

Beethoven,German composer. He is universally recognized as one of the greatest composers of the Western European music tradition. Beethoven's work crowned the classical period and also effectively initiated the romantic era in music. He is one of the few artists who genuinely may be considered revolutionary.

人物简介:贝多芬,德国作曲家。他被公认为西欧音乐传统最伟大的作曲家之一。贝多芬的作品为古典时期奠定了基础,也有效地开创了音乐的浪漫时代。他是少数真正被认为具有革命精神的艺术家之一。

Life

Born in Bonn, Beethoven showed remarkable talent at an early age. His father, a court musician, subjected him to a brutal regimen, hoping to exploit him as a child prodigy. While this plan did not succeed, young Beethoven's gifts were recognized and nurtured by his teachers and by members of the local aristocracy. In 1787 Beethoven first visited Vienna, at that time the center of the music world. There he performed for Mozart, whom he greatly impressed.

In 1792 Haydn invited him to become his student, and Beethoven returned to Vienna, where he was to remain permanently. However, Beethoven's unorthodox musical ideas offended the old master, and the lessons were terminated. Beethoven studied with several other eminent teachers, including Antonio Salieri, but was developing according to his own singular genius and could no longer profit greatly from instruction.

Both his breathtaking piano virtuosity and his remarkable compositions won Beethoven favor among the enlightened aristocracy congregated at Vienna, and he enjoyed their generous support throughout his life. They were tolerant, too, of his notoriously boorish manners, careless appearance, and towering rages. His work itself was widely accepted, if controversial, and from the end of the 1790s Beethoven was not dependent on patronage for his income.

The year 1801 marked the onset of Beethoven's tragic affliction, his deafness, which became progressively worse and, by 1817, total. Public performance eventually became impossible; but his creative work was not restricted. Beethoven never married; however, he was stormily in and out of love all his life, always with women unattainable because of marriage or station. His personal life was further complicated when he was made the guardian of his nephew Karl, who caused him much anxiety and grief but to whom he nevertheless remained fondly attached.

Beethoven died, after a long illness, in the midst of a fierce thunderstorm, and legend has it that the dying man shook his fist in defiance of the heavens.

人物生平:贝多芬出生在波恩,他在很小的时候就表现出非凡的才华。他的父亲,一位宫廷音乐家,让他接受了残酷的养生法,希望利用他作为神童。虽然这个计划没有成功,但年轻的贝多芬的礼物得到了老师和当地贵族的认可和培养。1787年,贝多芬首次访问维也纳,当时是音乐世界的中心。在那里他为莫扎特表演,他对他印象深刻。

1792年,海顿邀请他成为他的学生,贝多芬回到维也纳,他将永远留在那里。然而,贝多芬的非正统的音乐思想冒犯了这位老主子,他的教训被终止了。贝多芬和其他几位杰出的老师一起学习,包括安东尼奥·萨列里,但他是根据自己独特的天赋发展的,并不能从教学中获得很大的利润。

他惊人的钢琴演奏技巧和他卓越的作品赢得了贝多芬的青睐,在维也纳的开明贵族中,他享受了他们一生中慷慨的支持。他们也能容忍他那出了名的粗鲁的举止、粗心的外表和高耸的怒吼。他的作品被广泛接受,如果有争议的话,从1790年代末贝多芬就不再依靠赞助来获得收入。

1801年,贝多芬悲剧性的痛苦开始了,他的耳聋逐渐恶化,到1817年,他的听力完全变差了。公众的表现最终变得不可能;但他的创作并不受限制。贝多芬从未结婚;然而,他的一生都充满了爱和爱,总是因为婚姻或车站而无法实现的女人。当他成为他侄子卡尔的监护人时,他的个人生活变得更加复杂了。卡尔使他感到非常焦虑和悲伤,但他仍然很依恋他。

贝多芬死于一场长期的疾病,在一场猛烈的雷雨之中,传说这位垂死的人挥舞着他的拳头,蔑视天。

Compositions

By the 19th cent., Beethoven's work could already be divided into three fairly distinct periods. The works of the first period include the First (1800) and Second (1802) Symphonies; the first three piano concertos (1795?800); the first group of string quartets (1800); and a number of piano sonatas, among them the Pathique (1798) and the Moonlight Sonata (1801).

Although the compositions of the first period have Beethoven's unmistakable breadth and vitality, they are dominated by the tradition of Haydn and Mozart.

Beginning about 1802, Beethoven's work took on new dimensions. The premiere in 1805 of the massive Third Symphony, known as the Eroica (composed 1803?), was a landmark in cultural history. It signaled a definitive break with the past and the birth of a new era. The length, structure, harmonies, and orchestration of the Eroica all broke the formal conventions of classical music; unprecedented too was its intention to celebrate human freedom and nobility. The symphony was originally dedicated to Napoleon, who at first symbolized to Beethoven the spirit of the French Revolution and the liberation of mankind; however, when Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, the disillusioned composer renamed his work the "Heroic Symphony to celebrate the memory of a great man."

The works of Beethoven's middle period, his most productive, include the Piano Concertos No. 4 (1806) and No. 5 (Emperor Concerto, 1809); the Razumovsky Quartets (1806); his Ninth Sonata for violin, the Kreutzer Sonata (1803), and his one Violin Concerto (1806); the Fourth through Eighth Symphonies (1806?2); a number of piano sonatas, among them the Waldstein and the Appassionata (both 1804). His sole opera, Fidelio, was produced in its first version in 1805 and in its final form in 1814. Beethoven wrote four overtures for the opera, three of them known as the Leonore Overture. He also composed overtures to Collin's Coriolan (1807) and to Goethe's Egmont (1810). From about 1813 to 1820 there was some slackening in Beethoven's productivity, probably due in part to difficulties concerning his nephew.

Beethoven's final period dates from about 1816 and is characterized by works of greater depth and complexity. They include the demanding, nearly symphonic Hammerklavier sonata (1818) and the other late piano sonatas; the monumental Ninth Symphony (1817?3) with its choral finale based on Schiller's Ode to Joy; and the Missa Solemnis (1818?3). The last five string quartets and the Grosse Fuge (also for quartet), composed in his last years, are considered by many music lovers to be Beethoven's supreme creations, and by some the most sublime music ever composed.

An extraordinarily prolific composer, Beethoven produced, in addition to the works mentioned, sonatas for violin and piano and for cello and piano; string and piano trios; music for wind instruments; miscellaneous piano works, including the popular bagatelle Elise (1810); over 200 songs; a number of shorter orchestral works; and several choral pieces.

Beethoven's influence on subsequent composers has been immeasurable. Aside from his architectonic innovations and expansion of the classical sonata and symphony, he brought to music a new depth and intensity of emotion that was emulated by later romantic composersbut probably never surpassed.

人物作品:到19世纪,贝多芬的作品已经被划分为三个截然不同的时期。第一阶段的作品包括第一部(1800)和第二(1802)交响曲;前三首钢琴协奏曲(1795?800);第一组弦乐四重奏(1800);还有一些钢琴奏鸣曲,其中包括《Pathique》(1798)和《月光奏鸣曲》(1801)。

虽然第一个时期的作品有贝多芬的绝对的广度和活力,但他们被海顿和莫扎特的传统所支配。

从1802年开始,贝多芬的作品呈现出新的维度。1805年的《第三交响曲》(1803年创作)的首映式是文化史上的里程碑。它标志着与过去的决裂,以及一个新时代的诞生。这一段的长度、结构、和声和管弦乐都打破了古典音乐的正式惯例;它的目的也是为了庆祝人类的自由和高贵。这首交响曲最初是献给拿破仑的,他最初以贝多芬为象征,象征着法国革命的精神和人类的解放;然而,当拿破仑称帝时,这位大失所望的作曲家把他的作品重新命名为“英雄交响曲来纪念伟大的人”。

贝多芬的中期作品,他最多产的作品,包括第4号钢琴协奏曲(1806年)和第5号(1809年的《皇帝协奏曲》);Razumovsky四重奏(1806);他的第九首小提琴奏鸣曲,Kreutzer奏鸣曲(1803年)和他的一首小提琴协奏曲(1806年);第四至第八交响曲(1806?2);其中有许多钢琴奏鸣曲,其中包括瓦尔德斯坦和阿帕萨纳塔(都是1804年)。他唯一的歌剧,Fidelio,是在1805年的第一个版本中诞生的,并在1814年的最后一个版本中诞生。贝多芬为这部歌剧写了四首序曲,其中三首被称为Leonore序曲。他还为柯林的科里奥利(1807年)和歌德的埃格蒙特(1810年)创作了序曲。从1813年到1820年,贝多芬的生产力出现了一些减弱,这可能部分是由于他侄子的困难。

贝多芬的最后一个时期是在1816年,其特点是作品的深度和复杂性。他们包括了苛刻的、近乎交响的Hammerklavier奏鸣曲(1818年)和其他已故的钢琴奏鸣曲;不朽的第九交响曲(1817?3),以席勒的《欢乐颂》为基础,以合唱结尾;以及Missa nis(1818?3)。最后的五弦乐四重奏,以及在他的最后几年创作的《四重奏》,被许多音乐爱好者认为是贝多芬的最高创作,并被一些最崇高的音乐所组成。

他是一位非常多产的作曲家,除了他提到的作品之外,他还创作了小提琴、钢琴、大提琴和钢琴的奏鸣曲;字符串和钢琴三人小组;吹奏乐器的音乐;其他的钢琴作品,包括流行的百吉拉·伊莉斯(1810年);超过200首歌曲;一些较短的管弦乐作品;和几个合唱作品。

贝多芬对后来的作曲家的影响是不可估量的。除了他的建筑创新和古典奏鸣曲和交响曲的扩展,他给音乐带来了一种新的深度和强烈的情感,这是后来的浪漫组合所模仿的,但可能永远不会超越。

以上就是小站为大家整理出来的SAT写作素材,希望对大家能够有所帮助~备考SAT的宝宝们一定要找好做题的感觉,小站会一直陪在大家身边,祝考试的宝宝们取得好成绩!

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