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SAT写作:短期内得分有何技巧(附例题详解)

2018年03月19日15:25 来源:小站整理
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摘要:距离五月份的SAT考试只有一个多月了,时间一天一天逼近。本文为大家介绍关于SAT写作如何在短期内提高分数的技巧,以及一些范例分析,是一份很实用的五月SAT写作备考大礼包。

如何取得高效率的SAT写作备考是宝宝们关注的话题之一,也是宝宝们比较难突破的一点。本文将带领大家逐一列举写作提分点,希望能够对大家有所帮助。

SAT写作:短期内得分有何技巧(附例题详解)图1

根据官方所给出的评分标准,一篇好的SAT作文必须要满足以下几个要求:

1. 丰富的内容;

2. 有力的论点与论据;

3. 清晰且恰当的举例说明;

4. 段与段之间良好的逻辑关系和衔接;

5. 观点鲜明,清晰及较好的英语写作掌控力;

6. 变化的句型与词汇。

想要做到上述几点要求,我们就必须先从作文的结构入手,传统的作文一般采用五段式布局,即除开头结尾外正文部分由三个主体段组成;当然,有些时候主体段写二段也是可以的。然后,开头段必须有一个清晰的主旨句或者主题句;同时,段落之间和段落内部都要有过渡,且平稳自然,让读者阅读时感到一种“流畅”的心情。接下来,我们需要通过从句,准确且老练的词汇来叙述生动扣题的例子以及理由;最后再加一个深化主题,总结正文的结尾。如果这些都做到了,那么你的SAT作文一定是6分的满分。首先我们来看一个考题:

Directions:Consider carefully the following statement and the assignment below it.

Cleanliness and order are not matters of instinct; they are matters of education,and like most great things,you must cultivate a taste for them.

——Benjamin Disraeli

Assignment:What is your view of the idea that cleanliness and order require education and cultivation?In an essay,support your position by discussing an example(or examples)from literature,science and technology,the arts,current events,or your own experience or observation.

“清洁与次序并非天性;和大部分伟大的事物一样,它们是教育的产物,你必须靠后天培养才能获得。”这是英国前首相,保守党领袖本杰明·迪斯雷利讲过的一句话,对于这个人,可能大多数中国学生会很陌生,但是如果我提到另外一句他说过的话,或许就会有很多人知道,“没有永恒的敌人,也没有永恒的朋友,只有永恒的利益”。这个考题的写作指令是“清洁和次序是否需要通过教育来形成。”如果稍微扩展一下思路,可以理解为“nature or nurture”的问题。我们先来看一下一个美国考生对于这个题目写的一个开头段:

Today,we know that a lot of habits aren‘t just the result of education. Genes go a long way in influencing what people can do. And today,we are learning more and more about just how big that influence is.

由于SAT写作要求考生在25分钟里写出一篇400字左右的作文,因此从篇幅来看,这个开头段的字数明显欠缺,导致了对于题目解读部分的描述过少。有鉴于此,我们对这个开头进行了如下改写:

Although Disraeli lived in the age that discovered evolution and natural selection,he didn’t live to see the nature-nurture controversy in the late 20th century. Today,we know that a lot of habits aren‘t just the result of education. Genetic predisposition goes a long way in influencing how people behave,science has shown us. And today,we are learning more about just how great that influence is.

我们不难发现,改进后的这个开头段,不仅从语言使用,而且在意思编排上都可谓上乘。“nature-nurture”,“natural selection”,“genetic predisposition”这几个词汇的使用很好地诠释了题目的内容而且使用非常精辟到位。同时,作者采用了“追根溯源”的写法,通过提及本杰明·迪斯雷利来引出话题,语言组织自然并且流畅。最后,作者对之前作文的主旨句进行了改造,使得主题倾向性更加明确易懂。

对比细节后我们可以看到,改进后的开头段,作者把原来一些意思不够准确的词汇进行了调整,如“genes”改为了“genetic predisposition”;“what people can do”改为了“how people behave”;“how big”改为了“how great”。这样使得意思就更加准确,同时词汇上也显得很有档次。

考官在批改作文时并不会就局部的问题逐一挑刺,而是采取全篇阅读,整体给分的方式,所以说前面一个开头单独来看并不会影响很多分数;然而,从改进后的6分作文开头来看,我们要学到的是:增加字数,用词准确,语言流畅,观点鲜明。其中增加字数的最好办法就是对于题目的背景尽可能展开叙述,并结合自己的观点倾向;语言的提高关键还是在于要多看官方给出的满分作文里出现的好词句。接下来我们再来举一个开头的例子:

Directions: Consider carefully the following statement and the assignment below it.

Creativity is allowing yourself to make mistakes. Art is knowing which ones to keep.

——Scott Adams

Assignment: What is your view of the idea that mistakes are necessary for creativity? Support your position by discussing an example (or examples) from literature, science and technology, the arts, current events, or your own experience or observation.

“创造力会让你犯错误,而艺术使你明白什么需要保留。”这是美国著名互联网漫画作家史考特·亚当斯讲过的话。而这个考题的写作指令是要你对于“错误对创造力是必要的”这个观点展开讨论。我们也是先来看一个4分作文的开头段:

The statement says that creativity is the result of mistakes. Mistakes are infortuitous, unexpected and not always happy events, but like most art, they are usually original. But are they art? Usually art is something done on purpose and intentionally. Beethoven, a classical musician, was once considered a revolutionary and his music was considered out-of-bounds. But are originality and creativity the same as a mistake? Does the artistic process need mistakes?

我们来看看阅卷官对这个开头是如何评价的:

“。..we may tempted to give it a 3 for the pompous language and incorrect use of the nonexistent infortuitous. The weak introduction doesn’t help; the cutesy last line is just designed to irritate a grader.”

可见,考官很不喜欢这篇作文的第一段,因为它的用词矫揉造作,让我突然联想起陈奕迅的一首歌《浮夸》。看上去尽管写得蛮长,但是其中出现了很多词汇错误,甚至作者还“捏造”了一个不存在的形容词。同时,最后2个连续的疑问句部分曲解了题目,给读者一种“压迫感”。经过考官的修改,我们有了下面的改进版:

Mistakes are unexpected and not always happy events. Like art, they can be original. However, art is something done intentionally. Beethoven, a classical musician, was once considered a revolutionary and his music, original and creative, was considered out-of-bounds. But was his originality and creativity the result of mistakes? Beethoven‘s case seems to demonstrate that they are the result of study, practice, and careful planning.

经过了精心修改,我们把多余的“on purpose and intentionally”部分拿掉,删除了“浮夸”的词汇和不受欢迎的第2个问句,再把贝多芬的例子进行了改进后,这个开头就显得十分完美。我们必须要保持开头部分句意的合理组合,词汇的准确,主旨句的使用。看到这里,有同学可能会问,这几个开头里的主旨句都写得非常好,但是我们自己要写出这样的句子却很困难,而且我们遇到的考题也会和这几个不同,到时候主旨句又该如何写呢?针对这样的疑问,笔者在接下来的文章里会重点介绍一种主旨句的句式写法,因为一个完美的开头段,需要以一个漂亮又务实的主旨句来收尾。这也是在阅卷时考官比较在意的一个环节。我自己在平时训练时,就积累了一些主旨句的句式,从而丰富和熟练了开头段主题的表达方式:

1. The universal notion that famous people are beneficial is exemplified throughout history and literature.

2. This universal notion is exemplified through history and literature.

3. This universal notion that the truth changes depending on how one looks at something is exemplified throughout literature and history.

4. This notion is exemplified through history, literary works and personal experience.

5. The universal notion that spending time outdoors is important can be seen in history, literature and modern media.

6. Examples of the importance of questioning authority figures can be found in history, literature, and art.

7. This universal theme is reflected in various works of literature.

8. This has been proved several times through history and film.

这些句子基本都是简单句,但是其中几个句子又在主语后增加了同位语从句。要写好这样一个句子,首先我们要对于主体段所要列举的例子进行大类概括,这部分会放在主旨句的最后部分,上述8个句子一律都是这样写的;然后,我们需要对于“主旨”进行概括,若可以用一个短语表达清楚的话,就通过介词搭配,加在“notion”或者是其他主语名词之后;若短语无法表达清楚,必须要通过一个完整的简单句才能说明意图时,我们就直接使用同位语从句来写;最后,就是主句的动词选择,上面几组句子里用得最多的一个动词是“exemplify”,这个词非常适合在SAT作文里使用,因为文章主要是通过举例来论证主题的。同时,像“see”,“find”,“prove”等及物动词也可以采用,具体取决于意思本身。在这里另外增加几个高端词汇补充在句子里,因为这些都是考官喜欢的词汇,经常在满分作文的评语里表扬其用得好,这些词有:“myriad”,“copious”等,它们都表示“丰富”,“多”的意思,用法如:

1. Literature and current events offer a myriad of examples.

2. History also offers copious examples that show working towards a general will is most successful.

以上就是关于SAT写作备考内容,希望能够帮助到大家。小站会一直陪在大家身边,祝每个备考SAT的宝宝们能够取得理想成绩!

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