SAT写作：经典人物素材之费米·恩里科

2018年03月29日19:00 来源：小站整理

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下面我们就一起来看看这篇SAT写作人物素材吧，希望能够帮助到大家。

费米领导小组在芝加哥大学Stagg Field 建立人类第一台可控核反应堆(芝加哥一号堆，Chicago Pile-1) ，人类从此迈入原子能时代，费米也被誉为“原子能之父”。费米一生的最后几年，主要从事高能物理的研究。1949年，揭示宇宙线中原粒子的加速机制，研究了π介子、μ子和核子的相互作用，提出宇宙线起源理论。1952年，发现了第一个强子共振──同位旋四重态。1949年，与杨振宁合作，提出基本粒子的第一个复合模型。

Physicist, born on September 29, 1901 in Rome, Italy. The son of a civil servant father and a schoolteacher mother, Fermi studied at the University of Pisa from 1918 to 1922, where his precocity led him to often teach his teachers.

物理学家，1901年9月29日出生于意大利罗马。费米是一名公务员父亲的儿子，母亲是一名教师。他从1918年到1922年就读于比萨大学，在那里，他的前科让他经常教他的老师。

In 1926, while a lecturer at the University of Florence, he developed a new form of statistical mechanics to explain the theoretical behavior of atomic particles. Fermi also developed the theory of beta decay, which introduced the last of the four basic forces known to nature, the nuclear “weak force.? At the University of Rome, he and his colleagues unwittingly split the nuclei of uranium atoms by bombarding them with neutrons, thus producing the first artificial radioactive substances. Fermi thought that the atoms were not splitting, but emitting a new element. For this breakthrough, Fermi received the 1938 Nobel Prize in physics. The same experiment yielded Fermi’s most notable discovery: that slowing neutrons by passing them through a light-element “moderator?increased their effectiveness. This “slowing?process later allowed for the release of nuclear energy in a reactor.

1926年，他在佛罗伦萨大学任教时，发明了一种新的统计力学方法来解释原子粒子的理论行为。费米还开发了衰变理论，它介绍了自然界已知的四种基本力的最后一种，即核“弱力”。在罗马大学(University of Rome)，他和他的同事们无意中通过用中子轰击铀原子的原子核，从而产生了第一种人造放射性物质。费米认为原子不是分裂，而是释放出一个新的元素。为了这一突破，费米获得了1938年诺贝尔物理学奖。同样的实验也产生了费米最引人注目的发现:通过一种发光元件来减慢中子的速度。增加它们的有效性。这种“放缓?随后的过程允许在反应堆中释放核能。

Fearing for the safety of his Jewish wife because of Mussolini's anti-Semitic legislation, Fermi went directly from the Nobel Prize presentation in Stockholm to Columbia University in New York City. In 1939, he and Leo Szilard designed the first nuclear reactor, which Fermi euphemistically called a “nuclear pile.? They moved this work to the University of Chicago in 1942, joining the Manhattan Project, the American-led effort to build the first atomic bomb.

费米担心他的犹太妻子的安全，因为墨索里尼的反犹立法，他直接从斯德哥尔摩的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼到纽约的哥伦比亚大学。1939年，他和利奥·西拉德设计了第一个核反应堆，费米将其称为“核反应堆”。他们于1942年将这项工作转移到芝加哥大学，加入了曼哈顿计划，这是美国领导的建造第一颗原子弹的努力。

On December 2, 1942, on the squash courts of the University of Chicago, Fermi presided over what the site’s commemorative plaque now calls “the first self-sustaining chain reaction and thereby initiated the controlled release of nuclear energy."?The pile ran for twenty-eight minutes and produced 200 watts of power, paving the way for the 1945 invention of the plutonium-based atomic bomb.

1942年12月2日，在芝加哥大学的壁球法庭上，费米主持了该网站的纪念牌匾，现在称之为“第一个自我维持的连锁反应，从而启动了控制释放的核能源”。这堆东西跑了28分钟，产生了200瓦的能量，为1945年发明的钚原子弹铺平了道路。

Fermi moved to Los Alamos, New Mexico, in 1944 and attended the detonation of the first atomic bomb at the Trinity Test Site in the New Mexican desert. He estimated the force of the explosion by simply dropping scraps of paper in the wind and comparing their displacement before and during the blast. Despite his immeasurable contribution to the atomic bomb, Fermi opposed the development of the more powerful hydrogen bomb, calling it a “weapon which in its practical effect is almost one of genocide.? Fermi died of stomach cancer on November 28, 1954, in Chicago.

费米于1944年搬到新墨西哥州的洛斯阿拉莫斯，参加在新墨西哥沙漠的三一试验场引爆第一颗原子弹。他估算了爆炸的威力，只是简单地将纸片扔进风里，并比较它们在爆炸前后的位移。尽管费米对原子弹做出了不可估量的贡献，但他反对开发威力更大的氢弹，称其为“武器，其实际效果几乎是种族灭绝的一种。”费米于1954年11月28日在芝加哥死于胃癌。

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