摘要:句式杂糅的定义和常见类型
定义:句式杂糅是指把两种或两种以上不同的句式结构或表达方式不恰当地糅合在一起,导致句子结构混乱、语义不清。
常见类型:
原因表达杂糅:例如,“The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.”(错误)。这句话同时使用了 “the reason...is...” 和 “...because...” 来表达原因,造成杂糅。正确的表达可以是 “The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.” 或者 “He was late because he missed the bus.”
主动被动杂糅:比如,“The book is easy to be understood.”(错误)。“be + 形容词 + to do” 结构本身有主动含义,在这里应该是 “The book is easy to understand.”(正确)。
句式杂糅的定义和常见类型
定义:句式杂糅是指把两种或两种以上不同的句式结构或表达方式不恰当地糅合在一起,导致句子结构混乱、语义不清。
常见类型:
原因表达杂糅:例如,“The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.”(错误)。这句话同时使用了 “the reason...is...” 和 “...because...” 来表达原因,造成杂糅。正确的表达可以是 “The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.” 或者 “He was late because he missed the bus.”
主动被动杂糅:比如,“The book is easy to be understood.”(错误)。“be + 形容词 + to do” 结构本身有主动含义,在这里应该是 “The book is easy to understand.”(正确)。
句式结构杂糅:像 “Although he is poor, but he is happy.”(错误),“although” 和 “but” 不能同时使用,这是典型的句式杂糅。正确的可以是 “Although he is poor, he is happy.” 或者 “He is poor, but he is happy.”
如何避免句式杂糅
熟悉常见句式结构:
因果句式:
要明确不同因果句式的正确用法。“because”“since”“as” 引导原因状语从句,例如:“Because it rained heavily, we stayed at home.”(因为雨下得很大,我们待在家里。)
“The reason...is that...” 用于强调原因,如 “The reason I like reading is that it broadens my horizons.”(我喜欢阅读的原因是它能拓宽我的视野。)
比较句式:
正确使用比较句式,如 “as...as...”(和…… 一样),“not so/as...as...”(不如……)。例如:“He is as tall as his brother.”(他和他兄弟一样高。)“She is not so/as beautiful as her sister.”(她不如她姐姐漂亮。)
在比较级中,“more...than...” 结构也很常见,例如:“This book is more interesting than that one.”(这本书比那本书更有趣。)
其他常见句式:
掌握 “it is...that...” 强调句的结构,如 “It is his hard work that leads to his success.”(是他的努力工作导致了他的成功。)
对于 “not only...but also...”(不但…… 而且……)结构,例如:“He is not only good at math, but also excellent in English.”(他不但擅长数学,而且英语也很好。)
分析句子结构和成分:
在写作或检查句子时,先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分,以及各种从句和修饰成分。例如,在句子 “The fact that he failed the exam made him sad is known to us.” 中,句子结构混乱,可以简化分析:句子的主要结构应该是 “The fact is known to us.”,而 “that he failed the exam made him sad” 这个从句部分结构杂糅,正确的可以是 “The fact that he was sad because he failed the exam is known to us.”
多读多写多练:
通过大量阅读正确的英语句子和文章,培养语感,熟悉各种句式的自然表达。可以阅读经典文学作品、学术论文、新闻报道等不同类型的文本。
在写作练习中,注意自己句子的结构,写完后仔细检查是否存在句式杂糅的问题。如果不确定某个句子是否正确,可以将其与标准句式进行对比,或者请教老师、同学。