【SAT阅读技巧】女性主义的背景知识讲解
- 2015年11月05日14:17 来源：小站整理
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女权问题历来都是SAT的考试重点，或者说是College Board(美国大学委员会)官方命题机构比较关注的话题。今天小编为大家讲解的就是SAT阅读中的女性主义。
首先，我们先来了解一下女性主义的定义。女性主义(feminism)又可以叫做女性权利(women’s right)或妇女解放(women’s liberation)。女性主义的定义如下：
Feminism is a range of movements and ideologies that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve equal political, economic, cultural, personal, and social rights for women.
意思是说，女性主义是一系列的运动和意识形态，他们的共同目标是为女性定义，建立和获得同等的政治，经济，文化，个人和社会权利。
在了解了定义之后，我们还需要来了解女性主义可能涉及到的话题：
女性主义运动(Feminist movements)的内容包括：女性选举权(women's suffrage, woman suffrage or woman's right to vote)，女性担任公职的权利(the right to hold public office)，女性工作和获得公平报酬的权利(the right to work, to earn fair wages or equal pay)，女性财产拥有权(the right to own property)，女性生育权利(reproductive rights for women)。 其中女性生育权里面包括可以获得避孕和流产(including access to contraceptives and abortion)。另外女性主义运动还致力保护妇女和女孩免受强奸，性骚扰和家庭暴力(protect women and girls from rape, sexual harassment, and domestic violence).
在我们对女权主义有了一定了解的基础上，来看看看SAT中对于女权问题的是怎么考的吧：
在这里仅选取2012年10月的一篇单短来让大家感受一下：
In 1900, United States society was warming into an environment favorable to women's suffrage. Governments at all levels were concerning themselves with social welfare. Women considered themselves qualified for these new undertakings. "The instant the State took upon itself educative, charitable, or personally helpful work," claimed one suffragist, "it became in need of the service of women." And women became convinced that, to accomplish social improvements, they needed political power, embodied in the vote. Suffragists modified their emphasis on the right to vote, asserting that women had an actual duty to vote. How else could they regulate or abolish child labor? How else could they improve neighborhood health?
大家可以看到，这篇单短主要讨论了“妇女选举权(women’s suffrage)”这个话题，主要讲了在20世纪初的美国女性投票权和当时的社会状况尤其是社会福利(Social welfare)之间的关系。 妇女们相信，为了去实现这些社会改变，女人是需要有政治的权利的，尤其是选举权。(And women became convinced that, to accomplish social improvements, they needed political power, embodied in the vote.).也就是说，为了实现这些社会福利，必须要赋予女性选举权。很多考试在做这套题的时候因为不认识suffrage这个词，而全军覆没。所以对于基本词汇的了解是非常有必要的。女权问题历来都是SAT的考试重点，所以考生们在备考的时候有必要对女性主义有一定的了解，这个样在考试中才不会一无所知。
