新SAT语法考试分号冒号考点及真题真题讲解
- 2016年12月28日17:19 来源：小站整理
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新SAT考试新增了标点符号题，就目前真考来看，标点符号每次必考，考点也越来越固定。本文我们主要看看冒号和分号的这个考点及真题解析。
首先我们应该明确，解决标点符号的题目：第一要考虑使用该标点是否会影响句子主干;第二要考虑是否符合该标点符号的语义作用。
我们先来看分号。分号的第一个常见用法是：It's used between two main clauses that balance each other and are too closely linked to be made into separate sentences (oxford dictionary)即隔开两个相关且独立的分句，所以分号前后一般是完整的句子。
这个规则可以帮助我们很快的去确定选项正误。Eg: An art director searched North Africa; I went to the Canary Islands.
例题：the name kingman was elected for its two parts, "king" and "man"; Cantonese for "scenery" and "composition."(og:dong kingman)
A no change
B parts: "king" and "man,"
C parts "king" and "man";
D parts ;"king" and "man"
首先扫读选项，确定考点：标点符号，在这我们会发现至少有三个选项都是使用分号：分别是acd，但是根据句子结构判断，都不符合前后是完整句子，直接排除。选择b ：用冒号来表示解释说明。
分号还有第二个用法：used to separate the parts of a complicated sentence or items in a detailed list, showing a pause that is longer than a comma but shorter than a full stop/period(该用法在新sat中暂未考察过，此处只做补充。)
eg: The study showed the following: 76% of surveyed firms monitor employee Web-surfing activities, with 65% blocking access to unauthorized Internet locations; 57% monitor employee telephone behavior, including the inappropriate use of voicemail.
冒号的作用是：to explain an abstract noun or introduce a list. 冒号主要的作用是解释和列举。冒号前应该是完整句，冒号后可以是词,短语甚至是句子。
Eg ：The job calls for skills in the following areas: proofing, editing, and database administration.
真题1 ：But Jason Box, an associate professor of geology at Ohio State, believes that another factor added to the early 16 thaw; the "dark snow" problem.
A NO CHANGE
B thaw; and it was
C thaw:?
D thaw: being
首先我们应该先扫读选项，确定考察点是标点符号。第二，回到句子理解句子语义：the "dark snow" problem. 就是前文里面所说的another factor，选择c 选项，冒号表示解释。
真题2 ：However, although well 29 compensated earning in 2012 a median annual salary of $90,930, PAs cost health care providers less than do the physicians who might otherwise undertake these tasks. (2016/5月北美真题-29)
A No change
B compensated (earning in 2012 a median annual salary of $90,930),
C compensated, earning in 2012 a median annual salary of $90,930
D compensated: earning in 2012 a median annual salary of $90,930,
先扫读选项，确定考察点是标点符号。第二，回到句子理解句子语义：不难看出此处earning in 2012 a median annual salary of $90,930 是做状语说明 well compensated。根据语义分析大部分同学应该可以很快排除b c选项，而纠结于a d两个选项：因为括号和冒号都可以表示解释说明，不知如何取舍。
但是根据我们刚刚说冒号使用的句子结构规则：冒号前是完整句子。我们可以很快排除d 选项，因为冒号前面只有although well compensated这个从句。最后选择a 选项，用括号来表示补充说明。
真题3:The designer envisions the game's fundamental 35 elements: the settings, characters, and plots that make each game unique, and is thus a primary creative force behind a video game. (og4-35)
A) NO CHANGE
B) elements: the settings, characters, and plots that make each game unique-
C) elements-the settings, characters, and plots that make each game unique-
D) elements; the settings, characters, and plots that make each game unique;
同理，第一，扫读选项，确定考点。第二，回到原句理解语义the settings, characters, and plots that make each game unique 应该是fundamental elements的列举，因此大家应该能比较快的排除bd选项：b选项破折号使用错误。D选项分号前后应该是完整句子。大部分同学会在ac之间纠结。事实上，a 选项冒号前面虽然是完整的句子，但是and is thus a primary creative force behind a video game并非是冒号所涵盖的内容，是句子的主干成分(整个句子完整的逻辑语义是：The designer envisions the game's fundamental elements， and is thus a primary creative force behind a video game.)不能直接放在冒号后面。所以a 选项错误。答案选c.
