SAT写作：经典人物素材之托马斯·杰斐逊

2018年03月27日16:04 来源：小站整理

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下面我们就一起来看看这篇关于托马斯·杰斐逊的SAT写作素材吧，希望能够帮助到大家。

In the thick of party conflict in 1800, Thomas Jefferson wrote in a private letter, "I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man."

在1800年的党内冲突中，托马斯·杰斐逊在一封私人信件中写道:“我在上帝的圣坛上发誓，永远反对任何形式的对人类思想的暴政。”

Freckled and sandy-haired, rather tall and awkward, Jefferson was eloquent as a correspondent, but he was no public speaker. In the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress, he contributed his pen rather than his voice to the patriot cause. As the "silent member" of the Congress, Jefferson, at 33, drafted the Declaration of Independence. In years following he labored to make its words a reality in Virginia. Most notably, he wrote a bill establishing religious freedom, enacted in 1786.

他长着雀斑，头发花白，个子又高又笨，像个记者一样口若悬河，但他不是演说家。在弗吉尼亚州的众议院和大陆会议上，他贡献了自己的笔，而不是他的声音。作为国会“沉默的成员”，杰斐逊33岁，起草了《独立宣言》。多年之后，他努力使自己的言论成为弗吉尼亚州的现实。最值得注意的是，他在1786年颁布了一项建立宗教自由的法案。

Sharp political conflict developed, and two separate parties, the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans, began to form. Jefferson gradually assumed leadership of the Republicans, who sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France. Attacking Federalist policies, he opposed a strong centralized Government and championed the rights of states.

激烈的政治冲突开始形成，两个独立的政党——联邦党人和民主党——共和党开始形成。杰斐逊逐渐成为共和党的领袖，他们同情法国的革命事业。他抨击联邦政府的政策，反对一个强大的中央集权政府，拥护国家的权利。

As a reluctant candidate for President in 1796, Jefferson came within three votes of election. Through a flaw in the Constitution, he became Vice President, although an opponent of President Adams. In 1800 the defect caused a more serious problem. Republican electors, attempting to name both a President and a Vice President from their own party, cast a tie vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The House of Representatives settled the tie. Hamilton, disliking both Jefferson and Burr, nevertheless urged Jefferson's election.

1796年，杰斐逊不情愿地成为总统候选人，但他却赢得了三张选票。通过宪法的一个漏洞，他成为了副总统，尽管他是亚当斯总统的反对者。在1800年，缺陷造成了一个更严重的问题。共和党的选举人试图从他们自己的政党中提名总统和副总统，在杰斐逊和伯尔之间投下了一票。众议院解决了这个问题。汉密尔顿既不喜欢杰斐逊，也不喜欢伯尔，但他还是敦促杰斐逊当选。

When Jefferson assumed the Presidency, the crisis in France had passed. He slashed Army and Navy expenditures, cut the budget, eliminated the tax on whiskey so unpopular in the West, yet reduced the national debt by a third. He also sent a naval squadron to fight the Barbary pirates, who were harassing American commerce in the Mediterranean. Further, although the Constitution made no provision for the acquisition of new land, Jefferson suppressed his qualms over constitutionality when he had the opportunity to acquire the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon in 1803.

当杰斐逊就任总统时，法国的危机已经过去。他削减了陆军和海军的开支，削减了预算，取消了在西方不受欢迎的威士忌的税收，但却减少了三分之一的国家债务。他还派了一个海军中队去对付那些在地中海骚扰美国商业的巴巴里海盗。此外，虽然《宪法》没有规定购置新土地，但当他有机会在1803年从拿破仑手中获得路易斯安那领土时，他就抑制住了对宪法的疑虑。

During Jefferson's second term, he was increasingly preoccupied with keeping the Nation from involvement in the Napoleonic wars, though both England and France interfered with the neutral rights of American merchantmen. Jefferson's attempted solution, an embargo upon American shipping, worked badly and was unpopular.

在杰斐逊的第二个任期内，他越来越专注于让国家不卷入拿破仑战争，尽管英国和法国都干涉了美国商人的中立权利。杰斐逊试图解决的办法是，对美国航运实行禁运，结果很糟糕，不受欢迎。

Jefferson retired to Monticello to ponder such projects as his grand designs for the University of Virginia. A French nobleman observed that he had placed his house and his mind "on an elevated situation, from which he might contemplate the universe."

杰斐逊退休后到蒙蒂塞洛去考虑他为弗吉尼亚大学设计的宏伟计划。一位法国贵族注意到，他把自己的房子和思想“放在一个高处，从那里他可以思考宇宙。”

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