新SAT官方样题发布之语法解析
- 2015年01月12日11:06 来源：小站整理
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根据最新的样题，新SAT语法更接近于现行SAT语法中的IP，注重文章的内在逻辑性，注重文章结构的分析和文章逻辑的连贯性。新SAT语法涵盖了现行的SAT中的ISE和IS的知识点，并且新增了新题型和知识点，新SAT语法中考查标点符号的用法，图标题以及要求考生不仅要给出结果还要给出原因。
A Life in Traffic
A subway system is expanded to provide service to a growing suburb. A bike‑sharing program is adopted to encourage nonmotorized transportation. [Q1] To alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area, stoplight timing is coordinated. When any one of these changes [Q2] occur, it is likely the result of careful analysis conducted by transportation planners.
The work of transportation planners generally includes evaluating current transportation needs, assessing the effectiveness of existing facilities, and improving those facilities or [Q3] they design new ones. Most transportation planners work in or near cities, [Q4] but some are employed in rural areas. Say, for example, a large factory is built on the outskirts of a small town. Traffic to and from that location would increase at the beginning and end of work shifts. The transportation [Q5] planner’s job, might involve conducting a traffic count to determine the daily number of vehicles traveling on the road to the new factory. If analysis of the traffic count indicates that there is more traffic than the [Q6] current road as it is designed at this time can efficiently accommodate, the transportation planner might recommend widening the road to add another lane.
Transportation planners work closely with a number of community stakeholders, such as government officials and other interested organizations and individuals. [Q7] Next, representatives from the local public health department might provide input in designing a network of trails and sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. [Q8] According to the American Heart Association, walking provides numerous benefits related to health and well-being. Members of the Chamber of Commerce might share suggestions about designing transportation and parking facilities to support local businesses.
[Q9] People who pursue careers in transportation planning have a wide variety of educational backgrounds. A two‑year degree in transportation technology may be sufficient for some entry‑level jobs in the field. Most jobs, however, require at least a bachelor’s degree; majors of transportation planners are [Q10] varied, including fields such as urban studies, civil engineering, geography, or transportation and logistics management. For many positions in the field, a master’s degree is required.
Transportation planners perform critical work within the broader field of urban and regional planning. As of 2010, there were approximately 40,300 urban and regional planners employed in the United States. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts steady job growth in this field, [Q11] projecting that 16 percent of new jobs in all occupations will be related to urban and regional planning. Population growth and concerns about environmental sustainability are expected to spur the need for transportation planning professionals.
Question 1.
Which choice best maintains the sentence pattern already established in the paragraph?
A. NO CHANGE (To alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area, stoplight timing is coordinated.)
B. Coordinating stoplight timing can help alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area.
C. Stoplight timing is coordinated to alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area.
D. In a congested downtown area, stoplight timing is coordinated to alleviate rush hour traffic jams.
答案：C
解析：Objective (focus): Students must revise text to ensure consistency of style within a series of sentences.该题考查句间句式平行，该句前两句是被动语态，因此根据平行，第三句也用被动语态，因此选择C，该知识点是我们必讲的核心知识点之一。
难度：中
Question 2.
A. NO CHANGE (occur, it is)
B. occur, they are
C. occurs, they are
D. occurs, it is
答案：D
解析：Objective (focus): Students must maintain grammatical agreement between pronoun and antecedent and between subject and verb. 该题考查主谓一致和代词单复数一致，主语为any one，因此谓语动词应该用单数occurs，而且代词也应该和any one照应，应该用单数。此题的知识点也是老SAT重点考查的知识点。
难度：高
Question 3.
A. NO CHANGE (they design)
B. to design
C. designing
D. design
答案：C
解析：Objective (focus): Students must maintain parallel structure.
该题考查平行结构，选择的答案需要和or前面的平行，平行结构也是老SAT常考知识点，希望大家关注。
难度：低
Question 4.
Which choice results in the most effective transition to the information that follows in the paragraph?
A. NO CHANGE (but some are employed in rural areas.)
B. where job opportunities are more plentiful.
C. and the majority are employed by government agencies.
D. DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.
答案：A
解析：Objective (focus): Students must determine the most effective transition between ideas.
该题考查文章观点之间的逻辑。A选项中的but后面的内容引出这句话后面的例子，使得例子有照应的对象。
难度：中
Question 5.
A. NO CHANGE (planner’s job,)
B. planner’s job
C. planners job,
D. planners job
答案：B
解析：Objective (focus): Students must recognize and correct inappropriate uses of possessive nouns and pronouns as well as differentiate between possessive and plural forms. 该题考查标点符号和所属格。这个知识点在SAT冲分班经常被讲到。 主语和谓语之间不可能出现一个逗号隔开的情况，因此A和C都不对。D中的所属格错误。因此选择B。
难度：低
Question 6.
A. NO CHANGE (current road as it is designed at this time)
B. current design of the road right now
C. road as it is now currently designed
D. current design of the road
答案：D
解析：Objective (focus): Students must improve the economy of expression. 该题考查有效性即简洁性，current和at this time或者now重复，因此只用一个就可以。这一知识点符合美国政府的官方语言要求简明的原则。这时现行SAT中这几年考的比较多的知识点。
难度：中
Question 7.
A. NO CHANGE (Next,)
B. For instance,
C. Furthermore,
D. Similarly,
答案：B
解析：Objective (focus): Students must determine the most logical transitional word or phrase.
考查句间逻辑，上句表达交通部门需要和各种部门合作，接下来举例local-public-health-department提供支持，因此上下句之间是举例支持的关系，所以选择B。此类题型在现行SAT的IP中经常考查。
难度：中
Question 8.
The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A. Kept, because it provides supporting evidence about the benefits of walking.
B. Kept, because it provides an additional example of a community stakeholder with whom transportation planners work.
C. Deleted, because it blurs the paragraph’s focus on the community stakeholders with whom transportation planners work.
D. Deleted, because it doesn’t provide specific examples of what the numerous benefits of walking are.
答案：C
解析：Objective (focus): Students must delete information that blurs the focus of the paragraph and weakens cohesion. 考查文章整体的主旨和细节的连贯性，该句和文章主旨没有任何关系，因此应该删除。这种题型在现行的SAT的IP中也经常考到，但是出题方式上有些不同，现行的SAT中不需要给出删除的原因，而在这道题中不仅要判断是否腰背删除，还要给出该句被删除的原因。
难度：中
Question 9. (Follow link back to location in passage.)
A. NO CHANGE (People who pursue careers in transportation planning)
B. People, who pursue careers in transportation planning,
C. People who pursue careers, in transportation planning,
D. People who pursue careers in transportation planning,
答案：A
解析：Objective (focus): Students must distinguish between restrictive or essential and nonrestrictive or nonessential sentence elements and avoid unneeded punctuation.该题考查标点符号中逗号的用法，逗号起到断句的功能，使得句子连接不是很紧密，而本题中who修饰people，紧密挨着，不加逗号会更好。此题对于逗号用法的细微考查在现行SAT中考查较少，因此学员要更加关注此点。
难度：低
Question 10.
A. NO CHANGE (varied, including)
B. varied, and including
C. varied and which include
D. varied, which include
答案：A
解析：Objective (focus): Students must recognize and correct problems in coordination and subordination in sentences. 该题考查句子结构，我们经常被讲到，其他选项错误在于：B中and including和前面没有平行对象；C中and which也没有平行的从句；D中which没有合适的指代对象。
难度：高
Question 11.
Which choice completes the sentence with accurate data based on the graph (follow link)?
A. NO CHANGE (projecting that 16 percent of new jobs in all occupations will be related to urban and regional planning.)
B. warning, however, that job growth in urban and regional planning will slow to 14 percent by 2020.
C. predicting that employment of urban and regional planners will increase 16 percent between 2010 and 2020.
D. indicating that 14 to 18 percent of urban and regional planning positions will remain unfilled.
答案：C
解析：Objective (focus): Students must evaluate text based on data presented graphically.本题是全新的题型，图表分析题，本题不仅考查考生的语法能力，还考查考生的理科分析能力，根据图表分析数据，分析出结果。考生一定要多增强理性思维。
难度：高
