SAT考试中常见的15组形近词辨析
- 2014年11月13日11:25 来源：小站整理
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很多同学在背SAT单词的过程中都会有混淆形近词的困扰。例如bold和bald，前者是“大胆的，无畏的”意思，却总被同学们误以为是“秃头的”意思。在此，我们选择了15组在SAT词汇授课过程中出现频率较高而同学们又较容易混淆的形近词进行简单地区分。
1. averse vs. adverse
averse : not liking sth;opposed to sth 不喜欢某事物；反对某事物。
e.g. He seems to be averse to hard work.
adverse: not favorable; contrary; hostile 敌对的，反对的，不利的。
e.g. His health was adversely affected by the climate.
2. adversity vs. adversary
adversity: trouble; unfortunate event 不幸，灾祸。
e.g. Mary faces adversity with courage.
adversary: opponent; enemy 对手，敌人。
e.g. He defeated his old adversary in the election.
第1、2组词是经常被同学们混淆的四个单词，在这里两两组合进行对比，希望对同学们会有帮助。
3. antipathy vs. apathy
antipathy: strong or deep dislike 反感；厌恶；憎恶。
e.g. He showed a marked antipathy to foreigners.
apathy: lack of interest; indifference 缺乏兴趣；漠不关心。
e.g. My parents do not feel apathy about the election.
这一组词大家可以用词根词缀发来区别，path-作为词根是“情感”的意思，anti-作为前缀是“相反，对抗”，而a-是“不、无、非”的意思，相关单词有sympathy, empathy等。
4. derive—derivative vs. deride—derisive
derive: originate from sth; get sth from sth 源自，源于；得到获取。
e.g. Thousands of English words derive from Latin.
deride: mock sb/sth 嘲笑，嘲弄。
e.g. They derided his effort as childish.
derisive这个单词出现在阅读中经常被同学当做是derive的形容词性理解，其实是deride的形容词，意思为“嘲笑的，嘲弄的”，例如derisive laughter。
5.exhausted vs. exhaustive
exhausted: very tired 精疲力尽的。
e.g. After a ten-mile hike, everybody is exhausted.
exhaustive: very thorough; complete 详尽的；彻底的。
e.g. Police make an exhaustive research.
6. imprudent vs. impudent
imprudent: not wise or discreet不智的；不谨慎的；轻率的。
e.g. It would be imprudent (of you) to resign from your present job before you are offered another.
impudent: very rude and disrespectful 粗鲁的；放肆的；无礼的；不尊重的。
e.g. Tom is an impudent child who never listens to his parents.
在记这组词之前，同学们最好先记住prudent这个单词，它本身就是“谨慎的，审慎的”意思，在其加上im-这个表否定含义的前缀，意思就很容易得出了。
7. callow vs. callous
callow: immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又无经验的；乳臭未乾的。
callous: cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的；无同情心的。
