SAT经典写作素材之彼得大帝

2014年05月26日11:27 来源：小站整理

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要想在SAT考试中取得好成绩，就要在平时多做练习积累经验，下面小站教育为大家整理了SAT作文写作素材。这篇素材是关于俄罗斯帝国的皇帝彼得大帝的，例子中介绍了这位彼得大帝对俄罗斯帝国的贡献等内容，大家可以在备考相关的SAT写作题目的时候进行适当的应用。

Peter the Great 1672 – 1725 (彼得大帝)

Russian czar. Born Pyotr Alekseyevich, on June 9, 1672, in Moscow, Russia. Peter the Great was the fourteenth child of Czar Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. Having ruled jointly with his brother Ivan V from 1682, when Ivan died in 1696, Peter was officially declared Sovereign of all Russia. Peter inherited a nation that was severely underdeveloped compared to the culturally prosperous European countries. While the Renaissance and the Reformation swept through Europe, Russia rejected westernization and remained isolated from modernization.

During his reign, Peter undertook extensive reforms in an attempt to reestablish Russia as a great nation. Peter overcame opposition from the country’s medieval aristocracy and initiated a series of changes that affected all areas of Russian life. He created a strong navy, reorganized his army according to Western standards, secularized schools, administered greater control over the reactionary Orthodox Church, and introduced new administrative and territorial divisions of the country.

Peter focused on the development of science and recruited several experts to educate his people about technological advancements. He concentrated on developing commerce and industry and created a gentrified bourgeoisie population. Mirroring Western culture, he modernized the Russian alphabet, introduced the Julian calendar, and established the first Russian newspaper.

Peter was a far-sighted and skillful diplomat who abolished Russia’s archaic form of government and appointed a viable Senate, which regulated all branches of administration, as well as making, groundbreaking accomplishments in Russia’s foreign policy.

Peter acquired territory in Estonia, Latvia and Finland; and through several wars with Turkey in the south, he secured access to the Black Sea. In 1709, he defeated the Swedish army by purposely directing their troops to the city of Poltva, in the midst of an unbearable Russian winter. In 1712, Peter established the city of St. Petersburg on the Neva River and moved the capital there from its former location in Moscow. Shortly after, St. Petersburg was deemed Russia’s “window to Europe.?p> Under Peter's rule, Russia became a great European nation. In 1721, he proclaimed Russia an empire and was accorded the title of Emperor of All Russia, Great Father of the Fatherland, and "the Great." Although he proved to be an effective leader, Peter was also known to be cruel and tyrannical. The high taxes that often accompanied his various reforms led to revolts among citizens, which were immediately suppressed by the imposing ruler. Peter, a daunting 6 1/2 feet tall, was a handsome man who drank excessively and harbored violent tendencies.

He married twice and had 11 children, many of whom died in infancy. The eldest son from his first marriage, Alexis, was convicted of high treason by his father and secretly executed in 1718. Peter died on February 8, 1725, without nominating an heir. He was buried in the Cathedral of St. Peter in St. Petersburg.

拓展了解：
彼得大帝，是后世对沙皇彼得一世的尊称。彼得一世(1672─1725)，原名彼得·阿列克谢耶维奇·罗曼诺夫，是沙皇阿列克谢·米哈伊洛维奇·罗曼诺夫之子，俄国罗曼诺夫王朝第四代沙皇(1682─1725)。俄国沙皇(1682年—1725年)、俄罗斯帝国皇帝(1721年—1725年)，著名统帅，1682年即位，1689年掌握实权。作为罗曼诺夫朝仅有的两位“大帝”之一，彼得大帝一般被认为是俄国最杰出的沙皇。他制定的西方化政策是使俄国变成一个强国的主要因素。