SAT阅读中的informational类文章

2017年04月20日14:18 来源：互联网

参与（0） 阅读（4071）

信息类文章在阅读的过程中或以表达新观点并与老观点形成对比为意图，或以to persuade or convince readers为意图，或以解释科学理论发展为意图，或以评论社会现象等等为意图。

虽然信息类文章的意图各异，但是作者的意图，驱动着文章的发展，也决定了文章的行文结构，所以在新SAT阅读的informational 文章中，作者意图以及行文结构是常见考点。

例1：Official Guide Test 1 Passage 4(历史)

32. The main purpose of the passage is to

A) emphasize the value of a tradition.

B) stress the urgency of an issue.

C) highlight the severity of social divisions.

D) question the feasibility of an undertaking.

例2：Official Guide Test 4 Passage 3(科学)

22. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A) present the background of a medical breakthrough.

B) evaluate the research that led to a scientific discovery.

C) summarize the findings of a long-term research project.

D) explain the development of a branch of scientific study.

例3：Official Guide Test 4 Passage 5(科学)

43. Over the course of the passage, the focus shifts from

A) a criticism of a scientific model to a new theory.

B) a description of a recorded event to its likely cause.

C) the use of ice core samples to a new method of measuring sulfates.

D) the use of radiocarbon dating to an examination of volcanic glass.

此外

作者在表达文章的意图/目的的过程中，需要运用rhetoric(修辞)来推动文章的发展。何为rhetoric?简单来说，就是运用特定的词语或者语言结构使得文章的信息更让读者印象深刻。

狭义的修辞，在新SAT考试中，体现在对文章修辞手法的分析，比如说排比，并列等结构。

广义上的修辞，简单来说，就是语境使词语发生了意义的临时改变。在新SAT考试中，体现在words in context的考查。

例4：Official Guide Test 1 Passage 4

That excuse shall not serve you, Madam. As you know from your own experience, and there are facts that prove it, the daughters of educated men have always done their thinking from hand to mouth; not under green lamps at study tables in the cloisters of secluded colleges. They have thought while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the cradle. It was thus that they won us the right to our brand-new sixpence.

这里的sixpence，不能理解为六便士，而应该理解为机会。在文章的语境中，sixpence的意思发生了临时改变，产生了更深层的修辞意义，这便是修辞。考查语境对单词意思所产生的修辞影响，是SAT考试的重点。

本文观点摘自公众号“张一冰说”，如有版权问题请联系修改或删除。